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Understanding the Condition: Enlarged Neck and Goiter

What is a Goiter?

A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, located at the base of the neck. It can cause the neck to appear swollen or thickened, as shown in the picture. Goiters can vary in size and may sometimes cause difficulty swallowing or breathing if they become large enough.

Causes of Goiter

There are several possible causes, including:

• Iodine deficiency: The most common worldwide cause, especially in regions where iodine intake is low.
• Thyroid disorders: Conditions such as hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, or Graves’ disease.
• Thyroid nodules or cysts: Growths on the thyroid that cause swelling.
• Inflammation or infection: Thyroiditis can lead to enlargement.
• Cancer: Rarely, thyroid cancer can cause swelling.

Symptoms Associated

Aside from visible swelling, patients may experience:

• A tight feeling in the throat or neck
• Hoarseness or voice changes
• Difficulty swallowing or breathing
• Fatigue, weight changes, or temperature sensitivity depending on thyroid function

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