6 Lone Star Tick Diseases You Can Get From an Infected Bite

Lone Star ticks are more than just a nuisance—they are carriers of several serious diseases that can impact your health. Found primarily in the southeastern and eastern United States, these aggressive ticks are identifiable by the distinctive white “star” on the back of adult females. Understanding the diseases they can transmit is crucial for prevention and early treatment.

1. Ehrlichiosis

Ehrlichiosis is a bacterial infection caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis or Ehrlichia ewingii. Symptoms often appear within 1–2 weeks of a tick bite and can include fever, headache, fatigue, and muscle aches. If left untreated, ehrlichiosis can lead to severe complications affecting the heart, lungs, and kidneys. Early diagnosis and antibiotics are key to recovery.

2. Tularemia

Also known as “rabbit fever,” tularemia is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. Lone Star ticks can transmit tularemia when they bite humans. Symptoms may include sudden fever, chills, skin ulcers at the bite site, and swollen lymph nodes. Tularemia is rare but can be severe if not treated promptly with antibiotics.

3. Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness (STARI)

STARI is a Lyme-like illness linked to Lone Star ticks. Symptoms often include a bull’s-eye rash, fatigue, fever, headache, and muscle pain. Unlike Lyme disease, STARI appears primarily in the southern United States. While less severe than Lyme, medical evaluation and treatment are recommended to avoid complications.

4. Heartland Virus

Heartland virus is a recently identified virus transmitted by Lone Star ticks. It can cause severe flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, headache, nausea, and muscle aches. Blood tests can confirm infection, and treatment focuses on supportive care, as there is currently no specific antiviral therapy.

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5. Alpha-Gal Syndrome

Unique among tick-borne conditions, Alpha-Gal Syndrome (AGS) is an allergy rather than an infection. The bite of a Lone Star tick can trigger an immune response to a sugar molecule called alpha-gal found in red meat. Symptoms range from hives and stomach upset to severe anaphylaxis, often appearing hours after consuming mammalian meat. Managing AGS involves avoiding red meat and carrying emergency allergy medication if prescribed.

6. Bourbon Virus

Another emerging viral infection, Bourbon virus, is transmitted by Lone Star ticks and can cause fever, fatigue, rash, headache, and low white blood cell counts. Though rare, infections can be serious, particularly in older adults or those with weakened immune systems. Supportive medical care is essential for recovery.

Prevention Tips

• Use insect repellent: Products containing DEET or picaridin are effective.
• Wear protective clothing: Light-colored, long sleeves and pants reduce exposure.
• Perform tick checks: Inspect your body and clothing after spending time outdoors.
• Prompt removal: Remove ticks with fine-tipped tweezers, grasping as close to the skin as possible.

Final Thoughts

Lone Star ticks carry a range of bacterial, viral, and allergic threats. Awareness and prevention are crucial for avoiding potentially serious illnesses. If you experience unusual symptoms after a tick bite, seek medical attention promptly—early intervention can make a major difference.